A sphygmomanometer is a medical device used to measure blood pressure. It typically consists of an inflatable cuff, a pressure-measuring gauge, and sometimes a stethoscope. Blood pressure is measured in terms of two values:

1. Systolic pressure: The pressure when the heart beats and pumps blood.
2. Diastolic pressure: The pressure when the heart is at rest between beats.

There are three main types of sphygmomanometers:

• Mercury sphygmomanometers: Use mercury and are highly accurate.
• Aneroid sphygmomanometers: Use a mechanical dial to show pressure.
• Digital sphygmomanometers: Use electronic sensors and display the readings digitally, often used for home monitoring.

This device is essential for diagnosing and monitoring blood pressure-related conditions like hypertension.